4.1: What Can States Do?

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The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology의 강좌에서

Chinese Politics Part 2 – China and the World

64개의 평가

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Chinese Politics Part 2 – China and the World

64개의 평가

One of the most significant changes in the world in the past 30 years is the opening of China to the outside world and its engagement with that world. In the initial years of the opening, external forces influenced China’s economy, regional balances, bureaucracy, as well as the political authority of local leaders in the coastal areas. More recently, the world is feeling the effects of a rising China which seeks resources and talent from all around the globe and uses its financial wealth to strengthen its position in the world. This course tracks the opening of China up from 1978 until it joins the WTO, focusing on how the world affected China’s internal development. We then look at various aspects of China’s “going out strategy” — its search for energy, talent, as well as its relations with the United States and the states within the Asia-Pacific region. The instructor has been deeply engaged in research on all these topics, having lived in China during various stages of China’s opening to the outside world. Course Overview video: https://youtu.be/7FpNL67EbE4

수업에서

Module 4: China’s Global Search for Talent and Technology, 1978-2016

4.1: What Can States Do?5:36

4.2: Explaining China’s Success7:01

4.3 The History of the Policy4:52

4.4: Improving Policy After Tiananmen8:06

4.5: Bringing the Party Back In: The 1000 Talents Program (2002-2008)6:08

4.6: The 1000 Talents Program6:06

4.7: Evaluating 1000 Talents Policy and its Limits7:09

4.8: Case Study: Academics and Universities9:29

4.9: Academics and Universities: Current Reforms7:30

4.10: Case Study: Scientists and the Chinese Academy of Sciences5:02

4.11: The Need for Reform at the Chinese Academy of Sciences11:38

4.12: Case Study: Entrepreneurs and the Municipal Governments6:08

4.13: Entrepreneurs, Technology and the Search for Shortage3:54

4.14: Case Study: The Diaspora Option – Serving China from Abroad2:51

4.15: Module Conclusion1:16

강사 만나기

David Zweig
Chair Professor of the Division of Social Science and Director of Center on China’s Transnational Relations

[MUSIC]

Welcome to Module 4 of China and the world.

This module is entitled, China's Search for Talent and Technology.

Now, since 1978, China's leaders have seen the accumulation of talent,

particularly people who have worked or

studied abroad, as a key component of developing national power.

In speeches, in policies, allocation of funding.

They see this group of overseas mainlanders as critical for

developing China's scientific capability,

educating future generations within China, transferring technology.

Strengthening the global competition, the capabilities of

what we call National Champions by enhancing their management and

overall for generating an innovative society and competitive economy.

Now, what can states do?

Well, there are several things that states can do, from a broad policy environment,

perhaps one of the most important things they can do is really improve the policy

and then improve the political context in which return migrants must function.

Much of the brain drain literature has always attributed

people going out and not coming back but going out to political instability.

So creating a stable quality.

Although not necessarily a democracy Is very important.

To get entrepreneurs to return,

you need to deregulate the market and promote economic development.

Because that really creates the opportunities and

confidence among the overseas sojourners that they should come back.

Promoting the private sector as compared to the state sector,

securing intellectual property rights,

these all encourage overseas nationals to come back and establish firms back home.

In her own writing, Newland claims that to facilitate circular migration, governments

must at a minimum, create an enabling environment in the country of origin.

Quote, the most fundamental and

most difficult elements of this are establishment of the rule of law.

Property rights, open and transparent government, lack of corruption and

other attributes of good governance including,

she suggest dual citizenship or eliminating VISA requirements for

members of the diaspora who are citizens of another country.

Now other broad policies that states can do,

one that I like to emphasize, is really to cut the bureaucratic predation,

corruption, red tape, demands for payoffs and rent seeking behavior.

And these are kinds of transaction costs

of doing business back in developing countries.

The states must also introduce coherent science and technology policy.

And they must be willing to invest in science and technology.

Now quoting an article by Saravia and Miranda they say,

when real opportunity exists within the context of coherent internal policies and

investments in science and technology.

Returning to the home country becomes an attractive option for the immigrants.

Also an article in the OECD observer talked about sending countries

developing inadequate scientific technological and

business environment that will provide rewarding opportunities for

the return of individuals who have upgraded their skills abroad.

And a third component for me, I one often look at and

we'll talk about later in terms of bias.

Cerase emphasized that states must overcome bias against returnees

at the national, at the institutional, or at the individual levels.

Now some specific policies that states can target at these, this

flow of human talent include things like deregulating controls on human movement.

As I said lowering the transaction costs of diverse migration.

One example may be dual citizenship.

Right?

Governments can create high tech zones with special

tax breaks within these cities and discount,

cheap floor space and help these returnees enter the local market.

They can use numerous channels to inform the overseas

communities of the benefits of return migration, even though

much of this information actually travels through personal or professional networks.

And they can foster professional networks overseas that will

share this information and one thing they can do is they can bring back

overseas nationals to see what's going on back home.

Let them see first hand the opportunities that await them.

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