[MUSIC] [SOUND] Greetings our dear listeners of online course Psychodiagnostics and Psychological Assessment. The start of the first module in which we will talk about classical approaches to psychodiagnostics of personality. In my opinion as there will be very interesting things ahead. In the beginning I will talk how we can collect diagnostic data about the person. And then I'll tell you about the most common approach to personality test. Among them classical comparative approach does a diagnosis of groups which are used by a lot of managers as well as practice orientated approach. Which are necessary in consulting and other forms of individual works with clients. Well, let's start. Once again, I'll remind you that personality tests are separated from the intellectual ones in classical psychodiagnostics. They learned that effective non intelligence part of behavior. An information about person maybe obtained from the three principally different sources. L- data or life record data involves absolute ratings of specific behaviors exhibited by people in real life settings. They involve other behaviors that can be seen by an observer. And occur in naturalistic setting rather than in the artificial situation in psychological laboratory. L-data technique is ideal for determining the types of behavior that need to be change. The requirements for L- data collecting, their activations should be systematical for a long time. There should be a few experts. It is more efficient if we are rating all testees for one trait at a time rather than one person for all traits at once thus deception errors are minimized. Q questionaire data relies on questionaires. Whereas the L-data technique call to absorb, to write the tests. The Q-data technique requires them to write themselves. This technique is very popular because its methods are rather simple and we can get information rather quickly. Q-data is the cheapest other side can be falsified very much, reasons of possible distortions and measurement errors. A lot cultural and intellectual level of the the state. Lack of skills in introspection and self reflection it can complicate self evaluation process. Using their own standards for example comparing ones self with the inner but not with the whole population. Thus this motivation, simulation, or failure. It can be expressed in social desirability of responses or in underlining his or her defence. T-data involves using objective test in which he pulls on the response not knowing what aspect of behavior is being evaluated. If you cannot give what a psychologist is trying to find out then you cannot distort your responses to counsel your traits. We can use for response objectification, disguise the true purpose of testing, unexpected statement of the item uncertainty vagueness testing purposes. Say what to do, but do not say how to do it. Distraction, creation lack of skills of emotional stress. For sure in our course we will deal with this Q-data and sometimes this T-data. Best regards. [MUSIC]